Variación espacio-temporal de las islas de calor como determinante del confort térmico urbano en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca, México

Miguel Sánchez-Hernández; Marlín Pérez-Suárez; José René Valdez Lazalde; Tizbe Teresa Arteaga-Reyes; Jorge Enrique Ramírez-Albores

Autores/as

Miguel Sánchez-Hernández Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-2080
Marlín Pérez-Suárez Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-4771
José René Valdez Lazalde Colegio de Postgraduados, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-4771
Tizbe Teresa Arteaga-Reyes Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-6749
Jorge Enrique Ramírez-Albores Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-3717

Palabras clave:

infraestructura gris, infraestructura verde, Landsat, NDVI, temperatura superficial terrestre, Toluca, urbanización, uso de suelo

Resumen

Las islas de calor urbanas son un problema importante con diversas consecuencias negativas en las zonas urbanas, generando una disminución en el confort térmico y malestar de los habitantes por el incremento de la temperatura ambiental. Este estudio evaluó la dinámica espacio-temporal de las islas de calor superficiales y el confort térmico urbano en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca, México. Se calculó el NDVI y la temperatura superficial terrestre a partir de imágenes Landsat para determinar las islas de calor y el confort térmico urbano. Se observó que existen diferencias en la distribución de las islas de calor a lo largo del año siendo verano y otoño las estaciones más afectadas, principalmente en las áreas más urbanizadas. El confort térmico también muestra variaciones estacionales, donde más del 30% de la superficie evaluada presenta malas condiciones. Las variaciones en la distribución e intensidad de las islas de calor y el confort térmico están influenciadas por los cambios estacionales en la cobertura vegetal, lo cual se evidencia en la correlación negativa observada entre el NDVI y la temperatura superficial terrestre, así como con las islas de calor superficiales. El estudio presenta algunas limitaciones, entre las que se incluyen la baja resolución espacial de las imágenes para capturar detalles finos, su limitada frecuencia temporal, la interferencia de nubes, una capacidad espectral restringida para ciertos análisis y una disponibilidad histórica variable. No obstante, la información generada puede ser de gran ayuda para el diseño de estrategias de planificación territorial que promuevan la sostenibilidad de la zona.

Citas

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